Computer Memory

Memory is an important part of a Computer system. A computer system comprises of two types of memory:-  Primary memory and Secondary memory.

Primary Memory

It is considered as the main memory of the computer system. It is temporary memory. The data and instructions that we are working while running programs are stored in Primary memory. It is regarded as the main memory as we need to store the data that we are working on until we proceed for the output. Primary memory has got specified slot in the Motherboard of the computer system. It is also known as volatile memory. Primary memory is expensive than secondary memory.

RAM(Random Access Memory), ROM(Read Only Memory), DRAM(Dynamic RAM), SRAM(Static RAM), FPM(Fast Page Mode Ram), EDORAM(Extended Data Out RAM), SDRAM(Synchronous DRAM), PROM(Programmable ROM), EPROM(Erasable Programmable ROM), EEPROM(Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM) etc are some of the types of primary Memory. It can be understood from the following table:-

Memory    Type	Use
ROM	BIOS, CMOS, Special Function Chips
RAM	Main Memory
DRAM	Chips on SIMM boards or Motherboard
SRAM	Used as external cache
FPM	Used in 486 or older motherboards
EDO RAM	Used on Pentium or later motherboards
SDRAM	It is used on 168 pin DIMM chips.
FLASH	It is on a memory card

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

COMPUTER LANGUAGE

Communication is important in every aspects of our life. Talking about Computer, to operate a computer also to program a computer, there must be communication between the user and the computer. So, the artificial language developed in order to establish communication between computer and the user is called Computer Language. Computer language is simply a set of codes, symbols.  Computer language may be classified into three types. i.e. Machine level Language, Low level Language, High level Language.

1. Machine Level language:-

        The language written in the form of 0’s and 1’s on the basis of which the computer operates is called Machine level language. They are the language which the computer understands. This language is very difficult to understand. Only software experts and hardware related personnel can program in this language. Binary code written for an operation differs from one computer to another. Since machine level language is the computer language, it has some advantages which can be described in the following points:-

•  Programs written in this language execute faster.
•  Since it is computer language, there is no need of translator.
•  The programs written in this language are powerful.

Although there are many advantages, there are also some disadvantages that are listed in the following points:-

•  Programs written in this language are difficult.
•  It is time consuming.
•  Difficult to debug.
•  More chances of error.
•  The entry of the program is difficult.

2. Low Level Language

The language in which each statement is directly translated into single machine code is known as Low Level Language. This language was developed in order to overcome the main problem associated with writing programs in machine language. The programs written in this language are machine oriented.

3. High Level Language

The simplest language of all the programming language is the High Level Language. This language is not computer oriented rather it is problem oriented. So, the programmer need not have to know the overall architecture of the computer that is being used. It is written in simple English language. Programs written in High Level Language are easy to understand. Programs are easy to maintain and find errors. C, C++, FORTAN, BASIC, COBOL, etc are some of the High Level Language.